One feature of nomadic culture is that its people live in harmony with nature. Many customs are a result of these deep roots developed with animals and Mother Nature.

As the nation suffers an increase in pollution and the possible extinction of age-old traditions, authorities are taking action to protect the environment and preserve the cultural heritage

Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem in Mongolia’s cities. Since 1994 the concentration of noxious pollutants has exceeded safety standards, its main causes being the ger communities which have no direct heating systems. Due to the extreme cold and the need to provide adequate heating they burn wood and coal. Another cause of air pollution is the rapid growth in the use of vehicles that don’t burn fuel efficiently. Mongolia suffers from a lack of efficient energy production with low-grade coal, inefficient heating systems, shortage of insulation and a need for incentives to conserve energy use. As a result, the country suffers from the highest levels of carbon dioxide emissions per capita in all of Asia.

The government is initiating a campaign to combat industrial pollution by promoting renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. Authorities are planning a comprehensive air quality management strategy for all major cities as well as enforcing pollution control systems. Power plants in Ulaanbaatar are being urged to adopt efficient clean coal technology and improve efficiency in boilers and coal stoves. In the fight against vehicular pollution, the authorities are expanding the public transport system and setting stricter emission norms. There is also a campaign for more public awareness and environmental education about air pollution.

Another campaign the Mongolian government is taking up is to preserve national traditions which, in today’s modern society, are in danger of becoming extinct. As the country faces rapid development and changes in its post-Communist era, traditions are essentially endangered. With such a colorful and unique cultural heritage, Mongolians are determined not to lose even the smallest and most localized traditions. A loss of cultural traditions ultimately affects the global community, and while the government is making special efforts to preserve Mongolia’s heritage, organizations around the world are also getting involved. The Itgel Foundation, based in Boulder, Colorado, works to preserve the nation’s cultural and environmental legacy through grassroots projects. Another organization, Mercy Corps Mongolia, supports rural communities through economic, educational and agricultural programs.